RADAR TANGSEL RATAS – Baru-baru ini, otoritas kesehatan di negara bagian Oregon, Amerika Serikat (AS) menyatakan bahwa pihaknya sedang menangani kasus penyakit pes yang jarang terjadi pada manusia dan diyakini disebarkan oleh kucing peliharaan. Tercatat, penyakit yang menyebabkan pandemi pada Abad Pertengahan ini juga dikenal dengan nama ‘Black Death’.
Seperti yang dilansir AFP, Kamis (15/2/2024), identitas pasien yang menetap di Deschutes County itu belum dipublikasikan dan dia saat ini sedang dirawat. “Semua kontak dekat dan pemilik hewan peliharaan telah dihubungi. Mereka juga telah diberikan pengobatan sebagai tindakan pencegahan dini,” tutur petugas Kesehatan Deschutes County, Dr. Richard Fawcett, ketika mengumumkan kasus tersebut pekan lalu.
Menurut Fawcett, gejala wabah penyakit jenis pes itu, mulai dari demam, mual, nyeri otot, hingga menggigil, baru terlihat pada hari kedelapan setelah terpapar hewan atau kutu yang tertular.
Otoritas kesehatan Oregon pun menyatakan bahwa kasus ini terdeteksi pada tahap awal dan tidak menimbulkan risiko tinggi bagi masyarakat. Mereka juga mengatakan tidak ada kasus tambahan yang teridentifikasi selama penyelidikan penyakit menular.
Perlu diketahui, ‘Black Death’ merupakan wabah terbesar yang pernah terjadi selama peradaban manusia dan telah menewaskan 25 juta orang atau sekitar 60 persen warga Eropa pada abad ke-14, yakni tahun 1346 hingga 1353. Selain mengubah populasi penduduk Eropa, wabah ini juga mengubah sistem ekonomi dan politik di daratan Eropa.
Dikutip dari Kompas.id (22/3/2023), wabah ‘Black Death” jenis pes ini berasal dari bakteri Yersinia Pestis yang dibawa oleh kutu hewan pengerat (antara lain tikus) dan dibawa oleh para pelaut Eropa yang kembali dari China.
Konon, pada abad XII, Paus Gregorius IX menyerukan untuk memusnahkan kucing di Benua Eropa. Berkurangnya kucing sebagai predator alami tikus menyebabkan perkembangbiakan tikus meningkat drastis, sehingga mempermudah bakteri penyebab pes menyebar. Cepatnya penyebaran bakteri pes ini juga disebabkan akibat kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat pada saat itu tentang penanganan sebuah penyakit. (ARH)
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