RADAR TANGSEL RATAS – Ada sebuah penemuan yang fenomenal di Çatalhöyük, Turki, sebuah kota kuno yang didirikan sekitar 9.000 tahun lalu. Beberapa waktu lalu, para arkeolog menemukan sepotong roti berusia 8.600 tahun yang masih utuh!
Seperti yang dilansir IFL Science, Minggu (10/3/2024), usia yang dilekatkan pada roti itu berdasarkan pendapat Ibnu Katsir dan Imam as-Suyuthi, yang memperkirakan Nabi Adam diperintahkan turun ke Bumi oleh Allah SWT pada tahun 5872 SM. Pendapat itu tertulis dalam Qashash al-Anbiya’ Ibn Katsir dan Badai’ az-Zuhur Imam as-Suyuthi.
Dengan demikian, bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Nabi Adam dan isterinya, Siti Hawa, turun ke bumi hampir 8 ribu tahun yang lalu.
Meskipun sebelumnya sudah ada penemuan roti pipih yang usianya lebih tua di Yordania, penemuan di Kota Çatalhöyük tadi diyakini sebagai roti uleni tertua di dunia. Adonan roti itu kemungkinan besar difermentasi sekitar 6.600 SM. Roti itu terawetkan dengan baik karena terbungkus dengan cara unik dan terkubur di dalam oven.
Menurut Dr. Ali Umut Türkcan selaku ketua delegasi penggalian dari Universitas Anadolu, struktur oven yang tertutup tanah liat telah menjaga roti tetap utuh selama ribuan tahun.
Penemuan roti itu menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Çatalhöyük sudah memiliki pengetahuan tentang fermentasi dan pengolahan tepung menjadi roti. Hal itu menandakan perkembangan penting dalam sejarah manusia, yaitu peralihan dari gaya hidup nomaden ke kehidupan menetap dan bercocok tanam.
Konon, Çatalhöyük sendiri merupakan situs warisan dunia UNESCO yang terkenal sebagai salah satu pusat urbanisasi paling awal di dunia. Kota ini memiliki populasi padat sebanyak 8.000 orang dan menunjukkan bukti domestikasi hewan dan tanaman.
Penemuan roti Nabi Adam itu semakin memperkuat peran Çatalhöyük sebagai pusat perkembangan budaya dan teknologi pada masa lampau. Dr. Türkcan bahkan menyebutnya sebagai “titik awal arkeologi makanan” dan “salah satu perhentian yang sangat penting” dalam sejarah manusia.
Meskipun sudah ada klaim penemuan roti pipih yang lebih tua di Yordania, penemuan roti uleni di Çatalhöyük tadi menunjukkan kemajuan teknologi pengolahan makanan pada masa itu. Terlebih, roti Nabi Adam tadi bukan hanya tidak beragi, tapi juga mengalami fermentasi dan memiliki tekstur yang lebih kompleks.
Penemuan di Çatalhöyük tadi memberikan wawasan baru tentang bagaimana cara manusia purba hidup dan mengembangkan teknologi serta budaya mereka, sekaligus menjadi bukti bahwa mereka sudah bisa mengolah makanan dan bercocok tanam. (ARH)
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